Unemployment research Essay Example for Free

Joblessness research Essay Joblessness From Wikipedia, the free reference book Unemployment (or Joblessness), as characterized by the International Labor Organization, happens when individuals are without Jobs and they include effectively looked for work inside the previous a month. [2] The joblessness rate is a proportion of the commonness of joblessness and it is determined as a rate by separating the quantity of jobless people by all people as of now in the work power. In a 2011 report, BusinessWeek detailed, More than 200 million individuals universally are jobless, a record high, as right around 66% of cutting edge economies and half of eveloping nations are encountering a lull in work development, the gathering There stays impressive hypothetical discussion in regards to the causes, outcomes and answers for joblessness. Old style financial matters, neoclassical financial matters and the Austrian School of financial aspects contend that showcase instruments are solid methods for settling joblessness. reference needed] These speculations contend against mediations forced on the work showcase all things considered, for example, unionization, the lowest pay permitted by law laws, charges, and different guidelines that they guarantee dishearten the recruiting of laborers. Keynesian financial matters underlines the repetitive ature of joblessness and suggests mediations it cases will diminish joblessness during downturns. This hypothesis centers around repetitive flexibly stuns that unexpectedly lessen total interest for merchandise and ventures and in this way diminish interest for laborers. Keynesian models prescribe government intercessions intended to build interest for laborers; these can incorporate budgetary improvements, openly subsidized Job creation, and expansionist money related arrangements. Georgists, 50 years before Keynes, additionally noticed the recurrent nature however centered around the job of theory in land which pushes up monetary lease. Since lease must be paid generally from compensation (yield of work) yet in addition from intrigue (yield of capital), monetary movement can't be supported in the lease bubble, which at last burst bringing about downturns or despondencies. When the hypothesis is wrung out of framework the pattern of land theory starts once more. [4] Henry George in this manner upheld the tax assessment from land esteems (Single Tax) to stop land theory and so as to wipe out tax collection from work and capital. George restricted land nationalization and Marxs speculations. Marxism centers around the relations between the proprietors and the laborers, whom, it guarantees, the wners set in opposition to each other in a steady battle for Jobs and higher wages. The joblessness created by this battle is said to profit the framework by lessening wage costs for the proprietors. For Marxists the reasons for and answers for joblessness require nullifying free enterprise and moving to communism or socialism. Notwithstanding these three exhaustive speculations of joblessness, there are a couple of classifications of joblessness that are utilized to all the more correctly model the impacts of joblessness inside the financial framework. The principle sorts of joblessness incorporate basic joblessness which centers around auxiliary issues in the conomy and wasteful aspects natural in labor markets including a jumble between the flexibly and request ot workers witn essential ranges of abilities . Auxiliary contentions underscore causes and arrangements identified with troublesome innovations and globalization. Conversations of frictional joblessness center around deliberate choices to work dependent on every people valuation of their own work and how that thinks about to current compensation rates in addition to the time and exertion required to get a new Line of work. Causes and answers for frictional joblessness frequently address obstructions to section and pay rates. Social business analysts feature singular predispositions in dynamic and regularly nvolve issues and arrangements concerning clingy wages and proficiency compensation.

Company Case ESPN Study Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Organization ESPN - Case Study Example Basically, ESPN’s item is the accessibility of sports information, conversation just as video and sounds of live games, over a wide assortment of stages. At its heart ESPN is a 24-hour link organize that centers around sports and diversion based substance for TV, anyway the link arrange is just one bit of the whole ESPN brand. The brand currently contains in excess of 50 unique organizations. Item shrewd, the brand comprises of six link channels which are home to numerous significant games, for example, the IndyCar Series and NBA finals, a games radio system, ESPN The Magazine and a site that offers gushing video and sound just as downloadable units throws. ESPN’s expanded item is its capacity to give exact and forward-thinking data and analysis pretty much all regions of the games business and its conveyance of this data across a wide range of media types 4. ESPN has solid brand value. Its name is promptly connected with sports, and the simple access to data that the brand gives over its a wide range of stages guarantees wide acknowledgment from shoppers. There is a solid connection between the brand value of ESPN and its image esteem. The estimation of its image can be seen by enormous number of items and media that ESPN is available on, the proceeded with development of the organization and its life span. The link arrange alone wins near double the sum per endorser every month than the following most beneficial system, Fox Sports ($2.91 and $1.67 separately). Advantages: This affiliation has brought about the procurement of numerous new watchers and enabled the system to have key games, and sorts of games that they didn't already approach. Potential dangers: ESPN has little power over the nature of the product that is created, and any negative reactions to the cobranded

Big Data and New Product Development

Big Data and New Product Development How do firms develop ideas, turn them into products, and decide which ones to bring to market? Most firms do so through a series of steps known as the New Product Development (NPD) or the Stage Gate process: idea generation; idea screening; idea development and testing; business analysis; beta testing and market testing; technical implementation; commercialization; and new product pricing.These steps, or stages (formalized by Dr. Robert G. Cooper in his book Robert’s Rules of Innovation based on industry research), are loose, with steps performed concurrently, and/or eliminated if unnecessary, and flexible enough to provide for firm or industry variation. This framework is also ongoing, with firms, ideally in a state of continuous development. © Shutterstock.com | tandaVThe era of Big Data has created substantial opportunities for developing products aligned with consumer demands, forecasting their profitability, and production. Using the NPD framework in this article, we will discuss 1) the benefits of using big data in new product design, 2) transforming Big Data into actionable consumer insights, 3) developing new products using Big Data, 4) improving existing products using Big Data, 4) a case study of how Big Data informs and enhances Procter and Gamble’s new product development.THE BENEFITS OF USING BIG DATA IN NEW PRODUCT DEVELOPMENTUsing Big Data to inform new product development has many benefits. Firms can create products that connect with the consumer, provide increased consumer value, minimize the risks associated with a new product’s launch, and both allocate, and coordinate the use of, internal RD resources efficiently. Through data mining, firms can also identify consumer needs it might not otherwise ha ve captured. By continuously developing products that fulfill consumer needs, firms can deepen customer brand engagement and increase customer lifetime value. Through modeling and predictive analytics, the firm can forecast the performance of the product(s) in the market both pre- and post-launch in near-real-time, determine the optimal distribution chains, and optimize marketing strategies to acquire the greatest number of customers at the lowest cost.In sum, Big Data can help transforming big data into actionable consumer insights; develop new products; and improve existing ones.TRANSFORMING BIG DATA INTO ACTIONABLE CONSUMER INSIGHTSWhen firms pare business intelligence tools, data mining, predictive analytics, and other Big Data tools with traditional market research techniques in order to collect actionable insights about their consumers’ needs, and/or similar or related brands/products, firms are able to develop a proactive approach to new product development. They are able t o innovate by developing entirely new products, as well as identify opportunities to introduce new product features, new product extensions and/or improve existing product lines. By developing a proactive, rather than reactive approach in which they are responding to the actions of competitors, they are able to ensure product quality, brand consistency, and marketing effectiveness, and exert more influence in their market. Further, they are able to minimize the uncertainty that comes with new product launches, as failures can be quite expensive. This can be a springboard for stage one, idea generation, and aid greatly in stage two, the idea screening process.NPD teams â€" usually cross-functional groups consisting of marketers, engineers and data scientists, working in firms that implement Big Data architecture can mine their internal databases from across the firm, as well as firm data and industry data from external sources. Firms can filter and analyze this data to determine exis ting, latent, and untapped consumer needs; these needs may inspire product ideas and concepts. This analysis may also be used in the second stage, idea screening.Idea screening involves filtering out ideas that do not provide sufficient customer value, satisfy a profitable target market, face too much competition, and/or are difficult to produce. Internal data can answer these questions and more, allowing product developers to sharply refine the ideas they will pursue long before they conduct a single focus group.Stage three, which involves consumer outreach, involves a further refinement of ideas for profitability, supply chain logistics, originality, and consumer acceptance. Once again, Big Data can greatly aid in this endeavor. Firms may be able to pull detailed manufacturing data or supply chain data to determine the feasibility of production or distribution respectively. Data scientists can build mathematical models of the product’s hypothetical production and distribution, c osts, and use predictive analytics to develop revenue and profitability projections. Beyond determining overall feasibility, these models can help determine optimal conditions for product launch; enhance focus group discussions and surveys, allowing the firm’s market researchers to drill down on specific aspects of the hypothetical product; and further help discard unprofitable ideas.Stage four business analysis, involves projections â€" demand, performance, and profitability. Predictive analytics play a huge role here, though in the absence of historical data on which to draw, data scientists must forecast using different mathematical models. There are three primary methods for predicting new product success: the Bass model; the Fourt-Woodlock model; and the Assessor model.Bass model: Data scientists using this model try to estimate the shape of the demand curve for existing products and apply it to the new products.Fourt-Woodlock model: This model can be used to estimate produc t sales; it is based on the number of consumers who make trial purchases and those who repeat those purchases within the first year of the product being on the market.Assessor model: This model relies on assessments of the strength of the firm’s brand, and is used to project both brand preference and brand awareness over time, the latter by analysis of the firm’s planned marketing mix.Firms may use other measures to project product performance in the absence of historical sales, including internal capacity; online and offline conversion rates for similar products in the firm’s portfolio; sales performance forecasting (especially for firms using direct sales methods); analysis of the firm’s other new product launches, among others. Big Data can provide a multiplicity of variables with which to refine a firm’s forecasts. However, it is worth noting that all of the aforementioned measures typically entail a much higher degree of uncertainty than regression-based forecasts usi ng historical data.Stages two through four allow firms to broaden their criteria for what constitutes a profitable product or target market. Optimizing marketing, production, distribution and pricing, as well as employing market customization strategies, can allow firms to match the products to the consumer at the highest margin. Take a well-known manufacturer of thermal products that is considering introducing a new branded thermal curtain that is 30% more efficient than its closest competitor, but is expensive to produce. The producer might develop models of just those target consumers willing to buy the curtains at the highest price point; develop, test and refine marketing messages; forecast the demand for the product, accounting for seasonality; and enter into an agreement with a low cost third-party manufacturer to produce the branded curtains on demand and directly ship them to the customer. A product that might otherwise have been scuttled due to high costs, might become a c ash cow for the manufacturer.The product concept that survives elimination at this point, is now ready for prototyping and beta testing begins in the following stage. Using mathematical models of target consumers before beta tests can yield insights on potential adoption rates, necessary marketing and sales strategies, optimal distribution channels, and desired product features and functions. Here, the theoretical meets the practical, as consumers provide their feedback. The firms that maximize Big Data will scour this feedback not just for insights about the product being beta tested, but also its overall brand and other exiting products.DEVELOPING NEW PRODUCTS USING BIG DATAOnce beta testing is complete and successful, firms then begin to determine how to scale the product’s manufacturing and integrate it into existing operations. This includes everything from determining optimal suppliers to contingency planning. Firms can use optimization models to predict quality and yield; a ccount for variation in production processes down to the machine or individual level, as well as outputs; forecast demand in order to set target yields; employ mass customization strategies; and determine return on investment for every component in the production process. This data can strengthen decision-making, and yield both higher ROI and greater performance.Stage seven, or commercialization, involves the actual product launch. Optimization models can predict the national, regional, or local distribution targets most likely to yield the greatest levels of consumer adoption with the lowest customer acquisition cost. This can help inform the ideal launch location(s), which will in turn inform the distribution strategy. Further, Big Data management tools can be used to optimize the operational aspects of the distribution chain, from packaging to delivery scheduling.Modeling tools can also help optimize media planning the process of finding the media (advertising, public relations, digital) channels that will help a firm achieve its marketing goals. Digital advertising, in particular, provides a wealth of performance data that, when analyzed, can yield terabytes of insights about consumer behavior and consumer purchase behavior in real-time. Marketing analytics firms and in-house quantitative marketing teams can analyze the impact of marketing across channels and across media, allowing firms to evaluate their marketing performance and adjust their marketing strategies in real-time to meet and exceed marketing objectives.The last stage, which begins earlier in the framework, involves adjusting pricing to reflect actual (rather than projected) supply, production, and distribution costs, as well as market demand, sales, and responses from competitors . This also involves assessing the new product’s actual performance in context to the firm’s overall product portfolio.IMPROVING PRODUCTS USING BIG DATASometimes, the consumer insights captured through market res earch about a new product involve the firm’s existing products. For example, customer service feedback is often ripe with constructive criticism about a firm’s existing product line â€" insights that can be used when launching a brand extension of a product. Aggregating that data and feeding it to product marketers at the idea generation stage can be a great source of new product ideas and concepts. Further, firms can mine social networks, industry websites, and other online sources for relevant data about their brand and how their products meet (or fail to meet) consumer needs. Firms can use this information to develop solutions to products currently on the market, or build solutions into planned product extensions/next generation products.The Internet of Things â€" a lasting business trend in which firms connect products (all products, but especially those that have been historically unconnected, such as household appliances) through wireless technologies, has tremendous appli cations for proactive product development. By providing firms with real-time data about consumer usage, firms can identify and exploit opportunities to maximize customer revenue and increase product value to the customer. For example, a smart refrigerator, one programmed to keep stock of the items inside it, also may be programmed to retain diagnostic information to aid the firm in preventative and/or emergency maintenance efforts. A firm, upon learning, that repeated customer complaints have been received about a particular feature, can proactively improve it for free or at cost.A firm can also use predictive analytics to determine which product features it should introduce to next generation products that will generate the most return for the least cost. For example, a firm might beta test a new video game console with different features, such as new controllers, wireless apps, and games, and analyze usage and purchase behavior to determine which combination should be rolled out w ith a mass-market strategy. Alternatively, the firm can use this data to determine pricing for various customized versions of the console that will enable the firm to achieve its revenue and profit goals.PROCTER AND GAMBLE: A CASE STUDYProcter and Gamble (PG), the consumer goods manufacturer, is one firm that has leveraged Big Data successfully into its new product development process, by aggregating consumer data from multiple brand touchpoints and using it to both launch and promote new products. They use modeling and simulation tools extensively to minimize prototyping expenses. For example, they’ve used them to determine how the molecules in certain household products like dishwashing liquids will react over time to refine the product.PG is not only able to use Big Data as a springboard for new ideas; it is able to strategically plan, produce, and launch them. Among other internal business initiatives which optimize operations, PG has developed what its former CEO, Robert McDo nald refers to as consumer pulse, which aggregates and filters external data, such as comments and news mentions, using Bayesian analysis (a method of statistical inference used for the dynamic analysis of data sequences) on PGs products and brands in real-time, allowing them to react as market developments occur.PG has also implemented a system called Control Tower, which provides real-time data on all transportation activity at PG in over 80 countries. They’ve used this system to not only improve their transportation, but also to reduce their carbon footprint. They use a similar system called Distributor Connect, which lets them manage inventory in real-time. Moreover, the firm keeps connected to their retailers through a globally synchronized data warehouse that allows them to manage commercial transactions in a completely automated fashion.These systems all aggregate data, which are harnessed by PG’s marketers, data scientists, and engineers to develop new products and impro ve existing ones. The firm spends almost $2 billion dollars annually on RD, and in recent years has worked to systematize innovation by creating multiple groups responsible for creating new products and development. Rather than innovation being pigeon-holed into a single department, PG linked firm-wide company, business and innovation strategies together for senior executive leadership to review. Moreover, it harnessed Big Data tools and testing. Tide Dry Cleaners, a branded dry cleaning franchise, for example, was developed by leveraging consumer insights about the deficits of the existing dry cleaning industry, its brand, and its own insights into consumer household cleaning habits. There are Tide Dry Cleaners all over the country, featuring 24-hour pickup, drive-through service, and environmentally safe cleaning processes â€" all consumer preferences PG packages into a franchise and sells entrepreneurs for a hefty fee.

Cask Of Amontillado What Happened Before - Free Essay Example

Sample details Pages: 2 Words: 540 Downloads: 1 Date added: 2019/06/13 Category Literature Essay Level High school Tags: The Cask of Amontillado Essay Did you like this example? The IPBL is very big for these two considering they have been training since childhood. This is a huge opportunity because with the professional leagues comes good contracts with huge pay and publicity. Up to as much as 30.6 million euros yearly in a 5-year contract, which is 177.6 million euros at the end of the contract. Don’t waste time! Our writers will create an original "Cask Of Amontillado: What Happened Before" essay for you Create order Although, they both had very differing reasons for joining the IPBL. Fortunato wanted nothing but the money along with the fame and glory that came with being in the league. Montresor on the other hand, just wanted the opportunity to pour his blood, sweat, and tears on the court. He wholeheartedly wanted to play for the sport and competition that comes from being in the league. Despite their reasoning, this was their one and only opportunity to chase their desires. Therefore, it is important that if they get drafted that they shine the brightest on their team, despite who they play for. For the reason of drawing stronger, bigger teams with bigger franchises of course. It was June 19th, 1842, and to celebrate the big draft coming up in the next two days, Fortunato and I decided to go to a local tavern to get some food and talk over a glass of wine. A waitress sat us down and we proceeded or order some appetizers like mozzarella sticks and such to hold us over. Fortunato and I were looking into their wines they offered why Fortunato said Montresor, they apparently something special in stock this time around, I heard one the locals talking about it on the way here. Then, Fortunato asks the waitress if there are any specials wines they have, to which she replies, We have some Amontillado, just came from Spain a few days ago. I can the light in his eyes immediately glow; so, I decided to treat him to a large glass of the sherry. We got so drunk we has a random artist create a caricature of the two of us together, we both got our own copy of it. Waking up the next day I could barely remember anything but that, as for the same for Fortunato. Two days pass and the big day has come for the both of us, the most important draft. This draft determines whether or not we reach our goals and follow new dreams all the way to the top. The both of us are in the first-round pick with the worst performing team of last season the Venice Eurasian Lynxrs having the first draft pick. Not even a second pass when they are told to pick, and I immediately hear my name called. I am so overjoyed I sprint on stage as I am greeted with a number 1 jersey and a contract. The last to pick are the Rome Cave Bears. They took almost their whole two minutes to choose their draft pick considering there was one player left being Fortunato himself. Although, that wasnt necessarily a bad thing due to the fact that they did win the championship last year. We shake hands after the ceremony and go about our ways congratulating each other, but come to think of it, this is the first year we arent on the same team.

The Industrial Revolution A Social Change - 1279 Words

There is no doubt that a technological change brings about a social change. The Industrial revolution saw many people displaced from their land, finding work in crowded city factories. Serfdom was abolished and the population shifted from villages to the cities. Strong family ties, self-sufficiency and the right to occupy land were replaced with uncertain tenancy of land, dependency on trade and a weakening of the family unit. Economically, goods and money abounded, and trade flourished. The merchant class profited from the wealth that was generated on the backs of the displaced population of urban workers. Children were sent to work in factories, in order for families to make enough money to live. The peasant class worked long hard hours†¦show more content†¦The insidious part of GM is that there is no recall once it is released into the environment. Salmon that will grow ten times faster than normal salmon will destroy river systems, as their unfair genetically modified advantage will see all smaller life forms extinguished and genetically modified crops that are dependent on pesticides will contaminate organic, heritage seeds that have sustained people for thousands of years. Seeds will no longer be able to be harvested and replanted but the farmer will have to buy new seed every year from GM seed makers. This fight is more important than the fight over open source because it involves the right of people everywhere to have clean, safe food that has not been genetically altered. Essentially GM is a tax on everyone because a patent will be on every seed and seeds are made to be sterile the following year. This is something to become angry about. The greedy corporations and individuals that want control over our food, water and land, do not care about the irreversible damage to the environment, people and animals that they cause. We have the right to eat tomatoes that are free of fish DNA, meat and milk that is free of human DNA, pigs that haven t been grown to harvest anthrax antibodies. They will never be able to prove the safety of GM food and no long term studies have been done. Nor will GM solve the problem of soil erosion, and pollution of rivers from artificial fertilizers and pesticides. OnlyShow MoreRelatedIndustrial Revolution and Social Changes1861 Words   |  8 Pagesworkshop of the world. The industrial revolution, as the transformation came to be called, caused a sustained rise in real income per person in England and, as its effects spread, the rest of the Western world. Historians agree that the industrial revolution was one of the most important events in history, marking the rapid transition to the modern age, but they disagree about various aspects of the event. Of all the disagreements, the oldest one is over how the industrial revolution affected ordinary peopleRead MoreSocial Changes D uring The Industrial Revolution1539 Words   |  7 PagesThe Industrial Revolution in Britain led to many social changes for the country as well as its people. Prior to the revolution, many people, especially of the lower class in terms of wealth, lived in the countryside where they worked fields to feed their own families. After the Industrial Revolution began, however, this all changed as the demand for more and more goods became abundant, and a method of increasing the supply was needed. Factories would be built in towns by the upper class businessRead MoreIndustrial Revolution : A Time Of Social And Economic Change1169 Words   |  5 PagesThe Industrial Revolution was a time of social and economic change which emphasized the power of humanity over nature. It was also an era of change which consisted of inventions that were mass produced to make life easier between 1750 and 1914. Although the Industrial Revolution led to efficient transportation and made Great Britain the cent er of world commerce, only the upper class got to truly enjoy that. The Industrial Revolution had spread to all around the world so the impact was more brutalRead MorePrimary Sources and Social Change of the Industrial Revolution1740 Words   |  7 PagesPrimary Sources and Social Change of the Industrial Revolution The impact of the Industrial Revolution on the standard of living of working class people is, and has been frequently debated. There is a mass of primary and secondary sources of evidence from the time of the Industrial Revolution available to support differing views of the debate, and there are also many novels available that were written at the time which criticise industrial society, but the difficulty of Read MoreThe Industrial Revolution Was A Radical Process Of Social And Economic Change1806 Words   |  8 PagesThe Industrial Revolution was a radical process of social and economic change. Energy was a major incentive to the agricultural society to the industrial. Until James Watt created the steam engine, which deployed rapidly starting in the 1780s, animal and human power were the primary sources of energy (Clare). During the last three decades of the century, electricity and gasoline-fuels engines further expanded productivity (Clare). A factory system with machine manufacturing and divisions of laborRead MoreThe Industrial Revolution Was A Period Of Significant Social And Political Change Essay2146 Words   |  9 PagesThe Industrial Revolution was a period of significant social and political change, constituted through the rise of science, increasing democracy, urbanisation, the growth of the state global isation. This period of time changed the way people worked and went about their everyday lives. The shift from agrarian societies to a system where people were paid for their labour, resulted in urbanisation. This was also aided by the mass production of goods being manufactured in factories in order to makeRead Moreâ€Å"Social Classes Role in Bringing About Change During the Industrial Revolution1065 Words   |  5 PagesThe industrial revolution, a period of transition and innovation, inevitably brought with it changes. Life for both rich and poor was changed. The Industrial Revolution brought about the birth of two classes: The middle class and the working class. In the article â€Å"The Communist Manifesto† (1848) by Karl Marx, it states that â€Å"Marx saw the oppression of the worker by those who owned means of production.†(1) Did the Industrial Revolution benefit both, or yet cause grievance in one and be beneficialRead MoreIndustrial, French, and American Re volutions: Common Social Revolutions?764 Words   |  4 Pageshistory there have been many important revolutions that have help to shape society as it is today. There are different causes, from political to religious, economic to social. Any revolution affects those in society, and creates changes for the people in the society. There are three important revolutions that took place in the late 18th century that changed the world for the better. The French Revolution, the American Revolution, and the Industrial Revolution all took place in the late 1700s. AlthoughRead MoreImportant Factors Leading to Industrial Revolution1606 Words   |  7 PagesNowadays, it is almost taken for granted that the industrial revolutions are the result of changing technology and the proper application of that in the industrial production. However, from my point of view, these two factors did play a vital role in stimulating industrial revolutions, but they were not the only catalyzer propelling monumental development in industry. Influentially, the improvements in organizations of politics, social patterns, commerce, finance, and transportation alsoRead MoreIndustrial Revolutions During Europe During The Industrial Revolution1298 Words   |  6 PagesIndustrial Revolution in Europe Before the industrial revolution, Europe was mostly dominated by farmers but as the industrial revolution progressed this changed dramatically. Industrial revolution had a significant impact in the process by making new demands that shaped the way of life through increased competition and technological innovation. Generally, it was a historical period that sparked in a stroke a number numerous changes in the economic, social and political dimensions. It is considered

Do you agree with this interpretation of Dunkirk Free Essays

This painting is a representation of the evacuation of Dunkirk. It shows the losses of ships, the troops living upon the beaches, and how the water was too shallow for the boats, so little boats had to go to the shore. A man made harbour that was made by the Royal Engineers is also shown in the picture. We will write a custom essay sample on Do you agree with this interpretation of Dunkirk? or any similar topic only for you Order Now Also there was the big cloud of smoke from the blown oil refinery, the cover above from the spitfires and hurricane’s shotting down the german air force(luftwaffe), the shells exploding randomly on the beaches that were being launched by the Germans from out side the town of Dunkirk. The knowlage that i have to back up the evedence from the paint in souce A is that we know from the video of war walks with Richard Holmes, that the big cloud off smoke is true, also the Video also mentions the shallow seas. There is not many inaccuries in this painting ecxept the fact of the British and French troops round the city fighting off the Germans that were trying to get to the beaches. I think this picture, although showing many of the facets of the evacuation, is not strictly accurate. For example the men wouldn’t be lining up in straight lines.Even so I think this is a fair interpretation of the evacuation of Dunkirk. How to cite Do you agree with this interpretation of Dunkirk?, Papers

Entrepreneurship Innovation And Creativity-Myassignmenthelp.Com

Question: Discuss About The Entrepreneurship Innovation And Creativity? Answer: Introducation This book The myths of Innovation relies on the fact in what way the big ideas change the world. We often believe that innovation is based on facts but apparently, it is not. This book has few myths in the process of innovation (Legrenzi, 2013). The first one is the myth of epiphany; this myth highlights the insight of a person to look into the matter of how creativity occurs despite of the fact on how little role they have in the breakthrough (Dawson Andriopoulos, 2014). Epiphany is an inspiration, which provides me with the insight that not a single idea is original; every idea is invented from a different idea. Epiphany is the consequence of efforts. I have read few stories about spark of insight the questions that arise in my mind area a) how long have the creator depleted on working before the flash happened? b) Are all the ideas they used in the flash theirs or they have reused someone elses idea? C) How long have they worked on making the flash successful? I have all these qu estions in my mind because epiphany does not prototypes by sacrificing time, only we can do it without any pledge of getting success. The second myth the book makes me familiar with is the myth of knowing history. We have a habit of romanticizing the past to live a worthy present. We often knead inspiring and proper lies as a trap to hide the complex truths of past. Thus, this way the history is tainted. History is not a straight line. It has few curves and nor the present is straight and has curves. From the above image it can be said that innovation is the condition of mind that a person has in different situation. The next myth the book tells us is the myth of method. This myth informs me to challenge with creativity. It is true that I can do every right thing but I will still fail. The methods we choose to do something may be useful but these methods provide the information that present is different from the past. The terms innovation system does not have any meaning because there are many variables in present that clearly states that innovation is an ancient term (Joshi, 2017). The other myths the book tells us about are that we love new ideas and want change in everything, the myth of inventor, the myth about the less presence of the good ideas and last but not the least that the best idea is always the winner (Berkun, 2010). Stimulating creativity in design. Davis Publications: This is the second book that I have chosen. Synectics is a Greek word that means assembling various things through a unified connection. This develops an innovative approach to designing principles. Synectics provides the idea of creativity in a logical way (Tutt Duncan, 2013). This book informs me about creativity and provides me the information that study of synectics is to research creativeness in vivo. This book tells me that we can be creative if we understand what creativity is actually and how it works. This book gave me the knowledge that creativity is acceptance of something, which is irrelevant. Emotion is always an intellectual feeling. If I am able to understand emotion and understand the irrelevant ideas, I will be successful in knowing what creativity is. Synectics thinking is a process of uniting the irrelevant elements. This book provides me with a synectics thinking of assembling the disconnected things, which are apart to produce an insight. I learnt from this book that creativity is coordination of few elements into a new form. After reading this book, I have to know that ideas do not come in our mind unless we identify the work. For initiating creativity in myself, I will need to gather information from other sources and merge it with what I have in my brain. I will need to carefully evaluate and research on every subject to bring creativity in my actions. If I want to be creative I will have to identify the subject then analyse the possible solutions, perform some research in it and then enhance my thinking and select the best option which can be implemented in the subject to transform my creativity in a broader way. I will also have to make contrast in between the elements that are related to my subject to make my thinking more creative. Creativity is all about enhancing my thoughts so that it can grab every facet of similar ideas and make me informed enough of all the ideas. For making me creative, all I need to do is relate to the subje ct and inject life in them along with broadening of my thoughts (Roukes, 1988). Ahandbookforvisionaries,game changersandchallengers This book is totally based on entrepreneurship and this book is consisting of business models that will be helpful to design the business. It informs me that while I am doing a business and I need t know the realities of business loss and have no idea on how to deal with the situation I will need the help of this book as it consists of every facet of business ideas that will help me to be a successful entrepreneur. This book provides me many ideas that I can use to implement innovation and design my business for a better future This image informs me about many concepts of business using many innovative models. This book provided me with the idea about how to understand and implement business model or learn to work on your old ideas with a new thinking. This book also has the idea that will help every businessperson to evaluate the demands of the customers of the business and distribute the exact channel needed for it. The book has highlighted the techniques used by many leading companies like Ericson and Deloitte and many others. Thus, this book is very useful for the businessperson who wants to embrace modern business techniques for creating more values of the business. Anyone who needs to change the existing rules of their business and adapt new rules to their business can take the help of this book as this book has the broadest list of business techniques, tools and ideas (Zhou, 2015). This book refers to all the clauses that are needed to be a successful entrepreneur. This book has provided me with all the ideas that are needed to be a successful entrepreneur (Osterwalder, Pigneur, Oli veira Ferreira, 2011). The value of creativity and innovation in entrepreneurship: This book taught me that no entrepreneurship could be successful without the help of modernisation in it. The writer of the book said that innovation leads to good entrepreneurship and innovation could only be possible with the help of creativity, as invention of innovative ideas will only be fulfilled with the help of creativity (Carayannis Dubina, 2016). Without expanding my thoughts, I will not be able to proceed towards a better future in my business. Creativity is either adapting something new or adapting the same thing in a new way. The result of creativity remains unknown until the creation is implemented in the business. Entrepreneurship depends on creativity, innovation and imagination which is also a part of creativity as the image is describing. Creativity is referred to the way of seeing things in a way no one else has and bring out the meaning of the same that no one else has. Business operates in a challenging and risky world and for being a successful entrepreneur; every business needs to use innovation and creativity as two sources, which will help the business (Drucker, 2014). Innovation is all about replacing the new with something old or adding something new. Innovation is the exploitation of new ideas or it is the exploitation of new ideas on the old strategies in a new way. Creativity is important for innovation and innovation is important for entrepreneurship (Kirzner, 2015). Thus, entrepreneurship also needs creativity. Innovation makes a business or entrepreneurship successful and it lets the business focus on creativity and innovation for a better future. Entrepreneurs of a business are known as the dreamers of business who proposes the idea of creating innovation in the business. The innovation lies on facts like challenge in the business, focus on customer choice, creativity, proper culture and many other points. Innovation can be change of methods, innovation in products and the innovation in management (Okpara, 2007). References: Berkun, S. (2010).The myths of innovation. " O'Reilly Media, Inc.". Carayannis, E. G., Dubina, I. N. (2016).Creativity, Innovation, and Entrepreneurship Across Cultures. Springer. Dawson, P., Andriopoulos, C. (2014).Managing change, creativity and innovation. Sage. Drucker, P. (2014).Innovation and entrepreneurship. Routledge. Joshi, M. (2017). Creativity and Innovation. Kirzner, I. M. (2015).Competition and entrepreneurship. University of Chicago press. Legrenzi, P. (2013). Creativity and innovation.Retrieved on May,6, 2013. Okpara, F. O. (2007). The value of creativity and innovation in entrepreneurship.Journal of Asia Entrepreneurship and Sustainability,3(2), 1. Osterwalder, A., Pigneur, Y., Oliveira, M. A. Y., Ferreira, J. J. P. (2011). Business Model Generation: A handbook for visionaries, game changers and challengers.African journal of business management,5(7), 22-30. Roukes, N. (1988).Design synectics: Stimulating creativity in design. Davis Publications. Tutt, K., Duncan, C. (2013). Creativity and innovation.Independence,38(1), 10. Zhou, J. (2015).The Oxford handbook of creativity, innovation, and entrepreneurship. Oxford University Press.

Term Paper Guidelines Economics 335 Essays - Economy, Economics

Term Paper Guidelines : Economics 335 Purpose The purpose of the term paper is to give you an opportunity to apply the economic concepts, principles, tools, and models that we have and will examine in this course to interpret current macro economic events. You may decide the exact topic of the paper, so this paper provides you with an opportunity to study something that you are interested in and connect your interests to what you have and will learn in this course. Choosing a Topic The topic of the term paper must be related to international economics . Feasible choices of topics could include: -Current events: news articles on Titanium have highlighted current and recent events relevant to the course that you could explain using the models and tools from the course. For example, the article "Krugman, Trade Theory, and Apples Chip Problems with TSMCs Earthquake Damage" from chapter 6 explores how Apple's iPhone relies on computer chips made in Taiwan. There is a significant industrial cluster of semiconductor and computer chip production in Taiwan . You could explore the history of Taiwan's sem iconductor production, how the industrial cluster was formed, and the potential disadvantages of worldwide production of a certain product being concentrated in just a few places. -An analysis of the top imports and exports of a country : you could use the MIT Trade A tlas to find the top 5 imports and exports for a country. Then, using the Heckscher -Ohlin trade theory, New Trade Theory, and the concepts of comparative advantage, you could discuss if the top imports and exports from the country are consistent with the idea of those theories. I expect that you will use the economic logic and models that we've developed in the course to guide your analysis , so please choose a topic that is compatible with the tools that we have developed and will develop in this course. Please email me or talk to me if you have any questions about whether your topic is appropriate for the course. Suggested Format Your paper could be organized in the following way : Introduction: Here, you introduce the topic of your paper, and summarize briefly the conclusions of your paper. Summary of recent events or news articles on your topic: Here, you should examine recent events related to your topic in a way that wo uld interest the average reader, who is someone who is taking the course with you . Economic analysis using the tools or principles developed in this course: I expect that the economic analysis will make up at least 50% of your paper. Conclusion: Summarize the main points of your paper and leave an interesting question or result for your reader to ponder for the future. Rough Draft : Submitting a rough draft is optional . To ensure that you receive comments on your rough draft with enough time to perform some revisions, please submit it on or before Friday, April 28 th . Final Draft : The final draft is due on the Friday of finals week 11:59 PM. Please submit it through the Titanium dropbox . Late Assignment Policy for the Term Paper For every day that the final draft is late, I will deduct 25% off of the final grade up to a maximum of 75%. Technical Format Length: 3-5 pages writtendiagrams and graphs, which may be necessary for your analysis, do not count towards the page count. References and a title page do not count towards the page count either. Font: Times New Roman, 12 point Spacing: Double-spaced Page Margins: 1" left and right, 1" top and bottom Citations may be in any format style so long as you are consistent about the way that you format the citations. Please remember that the purpose of citations is to provide enough information to find the source of a fact , so you should include enough information to allow someone to easily trace back any information that you use to its source. Common citation formats include MLA and APA styles.

I Before E, Except After C

I Before E, Except After C I Before E, Except After C I Before E, Except After C By Maeve Maddox I’ve read that the spelling mnemonic â€Å"I before E except after C† is a useless rule â€Å"best forgotten.† I beg to differ. English vocabulary abounds with words borrowed from other languages, along with foreign spelling conventions. Any spelling rule we can come up with is certain to have exceptions. Nevertheless, spelling rules are worth learning because they provide a framework that makes the exceptions stand out. The â€Å"I before E† rule may not be perfect, but it is extremely useful. First, the â€Å"I before E† mnemonic in its entirety: I before E, Except after C, And when sounded like A As in neighbor and weigh. Let’s see how far this rule will take us with common words. I before E achieve believe belief brief chief die field fierce friend lie lingerie niece pie piece pierce prairie priest siege Except after C ceiling conceit conceive deceive receipt receive perceive And when sounded like A, as in neighbor and weigh heir neighbor reign rein skein surveillance their veil vein weigh Note: The words their and heir can be learned with this list. For one thing, the learner can associate their with they, which is pronounced with long a. For another, their is one of those high-frequency words that anyone who reads and writes at all should be able to master by completion of second grade. Heir can be learned with the mnemonic device of a â€Å"spelling pronunciation† that addresses the silent h as well as the ei spelling. Exceptions to the Rule caffeine counterfeit either forfeit foreign heifer leisure neither sovereign seized weird This list of 46 words is by no means exhaustive, but it’s a fair gauge of how far the old jingle can take you in spelling the ie/ei words you are most likely to want to write. Want to improve your English in five minutes a day? Get a subscription and start receiving our writing tips and exercises daily! Keep learning! Browse the Spelling category, check our popular posts, or choose a related post below:35 Synonyms for â€Å"Look†Capitalization Rules for Names of Historical Periods and Movements7 Other Types of Pronouns

Research proposal LBSRE2002 Research Methods for Business Literature review

Research proposal LBSRE2002 Research Methods for Business - Literature review Example This study will venture to assess the qualifications of three candidates for branch manager in a new office being set up in UK Company using the 360-degree feedback. Specifically, the following research questions will be addressed: 1. What is the profile of the three candidates in terms of the variables: gender, age, civil status, educational attainment, and experience as manager? 2. What is the profile of the raters in terms of the variables: gender, age, civil status, educational attainment, position, and years of service with the company? 3. What is the level of qualification of each candidate in each of the following behavioural areas of management: leading change, leading people, results-driven characteristics, business acumen, and building coalitions / communications? 4. Are there significant differences in the assessment of the manager qualifications in each area of the three candidates when the respondents are grouped according to each profile variable? 5. Is there a signific ant difference in the assessment of the manager qualifications among the three candidates? 6. Did the personal rating of each candidate significantly differ with the overall assessment of the raters? 7. What are the greatest strengths and weaknesses of each candidate? 2.0. Justification for Research Topic and Background (300) The primary justification for the research topic are the emerging issues in the UK company where management believes that they do not have sufficient evidence to come up with a sound judgment regarding the choice for the best candidate. To further confound their woes, a meeting among top level management and the middle level managers ended in a deadlock as to which candidate is best qualified to take the helm as manager of the new branch office being set up within a year’s time. A look at each candidate’s profile and track record in the company showed that the candidates’ qualifications are comparable. Top management believes that candidate s 1 or 3 would be an ideal choice, whereas the middle managers thought that candidate 2 will be the best choice. Top level management is, however, honest enough to admit that they based their nod for candidate 1 or 3 on gut feel. Middle managers confessed that they do not really know candidate 2 very well, but have experienced several altercations with both candidates 1 and 3 on separate instances. Hence, their choice for candidate 2 might have been somehow affected by bias against the other two. Being known to be a business student, one top level manager requested this researcher for some suggestions regarding the aforementioned issues. Without hesitation, and driven by the fact that the new branch office entail management development, 360-degree feedback was the first thing that crossed this researcher’s mind. The suggestion was well-taken and this researcher was asked to help in the conduct of the procedure. The researcher obliged to accept the challenge as an opportunity to put to use a concept learned in business school and to assist a friend who is immersed in the industry. This researcher lost no time in gathering preliminary information. It was learned that the three candidates currently hold middle manager positions in three departments with a comparable number of subordinates, but candidate three handles more employees in the supervisory positions. All three candidates usually deal with many of the company’

GFR Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

GFR - Essay Example Various tests are carried out once the disease is detected which include – Blood tests, urine tests, ultra sonogram and biopsy. Blood is checked for creatinine and blood urea nitrogen. The normal range for creatinine is 0.6 to 1.2 mg/dl and that of blood urea is 7 to 20 milligrams per decilitre of blood. If it exceeds, then the kidney is not functioning properly. The test carried out will also show the level of protein in the blood-(Proteinuria) A reference range which is both cost effective and quick can also be used to check protein levels in the urine. The normal renal protein excretion is less than 150mg/24 hours. The glomeruli normally filters around 75 to 10 mg/24 hours. Albumin is too thick to pass through the glomerulus and may cause damage. Therefore this test would show the damage if any. Normally the albumin that passes through is around 25-300 mg/ 24 hours. Dip stick tests detect albumin levels and if the level of urine proteinnuria is above 2gms/24 hours, it results in glomerulus disease. The maximum rate at which a substance can be cleared from the plasma is the GFR of that substance. Substances which are freely filtered by the glomerulus and are not secreted or absorbed can be used. Creatinine which is a by product of metabolism and is present in the blood can be checked by testing the concentration of creatinine and plasma within the 24 hour period. In acute cases of kidney failure, a dialysis machine is used on the patient because the kidneys of the patient are not capable of clearing the blood of harmful substances including toxins. This machine consists of tubes which are inserted into major veins to filter or purify his blood. In a patient is suffering from renal disease, his GFR an go down to about 50- 60 ml/min and still no symptoms are shown. But, if the GFR goes as low as 15 – 20ml/ per minute then dialysis is definitely

Does Malaysia Need The Green Belt Concept Environmental Sciences Essay

Does Malaysia Need The Green Belt Concept Environmental Sciences Essay Malaysia is moving forward to be an industrialized economy. Malaysia moved from material production to manufacturing. The Malaysia manufacturing sector contributed 32% of the gross domestic product (GDP) in 2007, exports of manufactured products account for 75% of Malaysias total export in 2007. The manufacturing industries have become the economys main source of growth in recent years. According to the Third Industrial Masterplan (IMP3) 2006 2020, twelve industries in the manufacturing sector have been targeted for further development and promotion (Table 1). These industries are strategically important in contributing to the greater growth of the manufacturing sector, in terms of higher value-added, technology, exports, knowledge content, multiplier and spin-off effects and potential to be integrated regionally and globally. But, on the other side, the future target might also encourage environmental degradation if there is no comprehensive plan toward sustainable industrial development is taken into consideration. Table 1: Exports and Investments Targets for the 12 Targeted Manufacturing Industries Source: Ministry of International Trade and Industry Environmental protection through pollution prevention and the meeting of environmental standards by waste treatment of the effluents in the various industries have not worked in many countries. The problem of industrial environmental pollution is particularly serious in developing countries where the enforcement of environmental regulations is not strictly enforced. Malaysia can experience high chances of negative environmental impacts due to its efforts to boost the rapid industrialisation of its economy. Many aspects of the residential environment and living conditions of houses located near industrial areas potentially affected. Evidence shows that plants can reduce the pollution level. In develop country they have come out with a Greenbelt Plan to buffer the urban and industrial area from spreading its pollutants. A greenbelt is an area of land that is preserved for a non-urban land use. The term of greenbelts tend to share two features, an open landscape (green) and a linear shape (belt). All this while, greenbelt was not being strongly addressed on developing country due to its target on economic growth. Develop country like United Kingdom and Canada have come out with their own Greenbelt Plan. Greenbelts in the UK have had a profound effect on the landscape around urban areas, for the most part achieving their purposes of keeping the countryside open and preventing new development except for agriculture, forestry and recreation. The London Green Belt was created in response to the unchecked and sprawling growth that took place in that city during the 1920s and 1930s. 1.2 Issues and Problems Statement Rapid industrialization can have a detrimental effect on the environment which is related to several including resource use, water and air pollution as well as waste generation. The severity of these environmental consequences may vary, depending on the technologies used in the industrial production process and its organization. Malaysias rapid economic and industrial growth is characterized as a mixed-use urban areas development that incorporates residential industrial areas. These residential areas support the industry by providing them human resources. This growth produces both positive and negative impacts on housing development. The lack of usable arable land for urban development further results in some housing estates being nestled within industrial establishments as consequences to urban sprawl. Current status of green efforts in Malaysia is focusing on commanding and controlling the wastes occurring during the manufacturing stage of a product. In Malaysia, only big businesses have committed to voluntary initiatives towards green industrial development and this approach is yet to be accepted by SMEs (small and medium enterprise). Landscaping the industrial areas by the development of greenbelts is an effective way of mitigating industrial pollution.The effectiveness of green belts differs depending on location and operation. They are often being eroded by urban rural fringe use and sometimes, development encroached over the green belt area, resulting in the creation of satellite towns which, although separated from the city by green belt, function more like suburbs than independent communities. 1.3 Objectives of Study i) To clarify the importance of industrial greenbelt for economic growth whilst minimizing environmental degradation. ii) To identify the significant aspect that should be considered for green industrial development. iii) To give a recommendation for effective strategies of Greenbelts Plan for industrials area towards achieving sustainable industrial development. 1.4 Significance of Study Greenbelts in urban areas particularly in industrial are important to the ecological health of any given region. The various plants and trees in greenbelts serve as organic sponges for various forms of pollution, and as carbon sequestration to help offset global warming. On the other hand, industrial activities in urban areas have caused cities to maintain higher temperatures than their surrounding countryside and these phenomena is known as an urban heat island. Parks and greenbelts will reduce temperatures while the Central Business District (CBD), commercial areas, and even suburban housing tracts are areas of warmer temperatures. Greenbelts are also important to help urban dwellers feel more connected to nature. All cities should earmark certain areas for the development of greenbelts to bring life and colour to the concrete jungle and serving a healthy environment to the urbanities. The future risk from rapid expanding of industrial development should be investigate and must be seriously taken into consideration. Therefore, through the establishment of planned greenbelts it can helps in limiting urban sprawl. 2.0 EVOLUTION OF GREENBELT CONCEPT 2.1 History of Greenbelt Concept The idea of greenbelt was inspired by Sir Ebenezer Howard, a British social reformer, at the beginning of the twentieth century. Howard proposed Garden City which would not only be free of pollution but would also be antidote of polluted cities. The garden cities would be surrounded by a green backcloth of agricultural land providing local employment opportunities as well as open space for recreation. It was British architect and planner Raymond Unwin, a town designer and contemporary of Howards, who coined the term greenbelt (Ruth and William, 1994). In 1898 the concept was developed to tackle the problems associated with the planning of new towns located outside the periphery of London, which was then sprawling far into the countryside. The Garden City Concept is one out of many attempts to reduce and solve social problems during the Industrialization Period. The problems occurred, as more and more farmers became workers in the factories. The living conditions became worse, due to the fact that many workers settlements were located next to the industrial areas or within the cities. Figure 1 illustrates diagram of The Three Magnets where Howard analysed why people move to city or to the country side. Howards proposal emphasized the integration of the town, the country. He found out that both have advantages and function as magnets. He started with discussions of the optimum size for towns whereby a central city of 58,000 people surrounded by smaller garden cities of 30,000 people each (Figure 2). Green space or greenbelt and agricultural land will be as major component in the garden city whereby the permanent green space would separate the city and towns and serving as a horizontal fence of farmland. The requirement of the greenbelt or agricultural land for the Garden City in Howards view was 5,000 acres of the total 6,000 acres. Therefore, his solution was to develop a city structure which contains the advantages of a city and those of the countryside. The main objective of the concept is to found a new city. Figure 2: Ebenezer Howard, Garden City. Figure 1: Garden Cities of To-morrow; The Three Magnets, Ebenezer Howard, 1902 In the United States, Franklin Roosevelt tried to adapt Howards new town concept as part of its resettlement program. In the American concept of greenbelt, relatively wide band of rural land or open space surrounded a town or city. The term greenbelt meant, generally, any swath of open space separating or interrupting urban development. The designated land is controlled through regulation or public or quasi-public ownership (such as the Nature Conservancy) to retain its natural character and provide a resemblance of rural ambience in urban areas (Ruth and William, 1994). 2.2 A Greenbelt as a Development Plan Component A greenbelt is a policy and land use designation used in land use planning to retain areas of largely undeveloped, wild, or agricultural land surrounding or neighbouring urban areas. Similar concepts are greenways or green wedges which have a linear character and may run through an urban area instead of around it. In essence, a green belt is an invisible line encircling a certain area, preventing development of the area allowing wildlife to return and be established. The green belt policy was pioneered in the United Kingdom in the 1930s after pressure from the Campaign to Protect Rural England (CPRE) and various other organizations. There are fourteen green belt areas, in the UK covering 16,716 km ², or 13% of England, and 164 km ² of Scotland; In United Kingdom town planning, the green belt is a policy for controlling urban growth. The idea is for a ring of countryside where urbanisation will be resisted for the foreseeable future, maintaining an area where agriculture, forestry and outdoor leisure can be expected to prevail. The fundamental aim of green belt policy is to prevent urban sprawl by keeping land permanently open, and consequently the most important attribute of green belts is their openness. 2.2 Categories of Greenbelt A greenbelt principal purpose is to protect open space for natural, cultural, or scenic resources, to separate urban communities, to preserve and conserve natural resources and agriculture. Therefore, greenbelt can be categorized as below. Figure 3: Category of Greenbelt 2.2.1 Shelter Belts and Wind Breaks A shelterbelt is usually a barrier longer than a wind break and consists of a combination of shrubs and trees intended for the protection of field crops and the conservation of soil and water. A wind break is a barrier for protection from winds commonly associated with vegetable gardens and orchards. (Abbasi and Khan, 2000) The objectives of creating shelterbelts are: to protect agricultural land to shelter population in a city-from hot wind blast to arrest particulate matters as much as possible to shelter live-stock to control sand movement to provide healthy habitat 2.2.1 Forest Belts Forest belts is consists of protected natural forest. The objectives of preserving forest belts are: to protect watershed area to protect wildlife and its habitat to act as major carbon sequestration to preserve the exotic and indigenous species of forest vegetation to achieve environmental equilibrium with development 2.3 Greenbelt Encroachment by Urbanisation There is no doubt that human civilisation has had a negative impact on biodiversity and since the industrial revolution the negative impacts have only increased with processes such as over fishing and hunting, agriculture, the use of herbicides and pesticides and urban sprawl (Hunter, 2007). Rapid urban growth has led to the problems of urban sprawl, ribbon development, unregulated development, high cost for urban infrastructure, and pollution due to the inadequate disposal of urban and industrial waste. All such issues involve land. Land can be used for agriculture, forestry, grazing, industrial and urban uses, utility corridors, roads, waste disposal and recreation. With the increase of urban population, more and more green areas have to be converted into urban use. Large cities on the other hand need to have the land to spread out. Increase in population will put the pressure on land to serve a better accommodation and facilities for human needs. Industrial development will provide job for people, but in the same time it provides an opportunity to the developer to clear up the land for housing development. When there is housing development, other kind of development will follows, such as commercial retail areas and school. 3.0 THE GROWTH OF INDUSTRIAL ESTATE 3.1 Industrialization Evolution Ever since Industrial Revolution from late eighteen century, economic progress and development have been closely identified with industrialization. This thinking has continued to influence policy makers especially so in developing countries (Jomo, 1993). Since the early 1970s, it has been widely recognized that to ease the problems of poverty and mass unemployment encountered in developing countries, industrialization should play a key role in the economic growth of these nations. The types of industries deemed most suitable for promotion in developing countries are the small and medium-scale industries. These industries are generally less capital intensive than large-scale industries and hence are more spread out in terms of ownership. Establishment of small and medium-scale industries could thus lead to a more equitable distribution of income. Former studies on development of small-scale industries have concluded that an effective means of promoting the growth and dispersal of small and medium-scale industries is the provision of proper sites for the establishment of these enterprises. These sites should preferably be located in an industrial estate which is defined as a tract of land which is subdivided and developed according to a comprehensive plan for use of a community of industrial enterprises (Fong 1980). In other words, an industrial estate can also be known as an industrial park. An industrial park is defined as a large tract of land, sub-divided and developed for the use of several firms simultaneously, distinguished by its shareable infrastructure and close proximity of firms. Types and synonyms of industrial parks include industrial estates, industrial districts, export processing zones, industrial clusters, business parks, office parks, science and research parks, bio-technology parks and eco-industrial park (Peddle, 1993). 3.2 Industrial Estate Development in Malaysia Figure 4: Malaysias Industrial Development Phase (1867 1957) Export of agricultural products minerals (1957 1969) Import Substitution Industrialization Strategy (ISI) (1970 1980) Export Oriented Industrialization Strategy (EOI) (1981 1986) Import Substitution Industrialization Strategy (ISI) (1987 1996) Export Oriented Industrialization Strategy (EOI) (1997 2005) Recovery Period (EOI) Phase 1 Phase 2 Phase 3 Phase 4 Phase 5 Phase 6 (2006 beyond) EOI Phase 7 Malaysias industrial development can be classified into seven phases according to industrial strategies (Figure 4). The first phase was during the British colonial rule (1867-1957) which was largely limited to export of agricultural products and minerals mainly rubber and tin. The period immediately after independence (1957-1969) is the second phase largely dominated by the Import Substitution Industrialization strategy (ISI). Export Oriented Industrialization strategy (EOI) was introduced in 1970 until 1980, followed by the second round of ISI from 1981 up to 1986, an constitute the third and fourth phase respectively. The fifth phase marked the return to EOI in 1987 till 1996. The Asian crisis and the recovery period constitute another phase from 1997 up until 2005. The final phase was in 2006 and beyond where Malaysian economy hopes to move towards global competitiveness. In early 1970s it has been realized that rapid economic development in developing countries leads to an acute inequality in income distribution. To prevent massive dissatisfaction among their citizens, developing countries were urged to achieve economic growth (particularly industrial growth) with distribution of income as their development goal. Malaysia is one of the fastest growing economies in the world and in many ways a Third World success story. From a country dependent on agriculture and primary commodities in the sixties, Malaysia has today become an export driven economy spurred on by high technology, knowledge based and capital intensive industries. The establishment of industrial estates in the locations where such activities are desired became a good way of promoting growth and dispersal of industrial activities which can accelerate the economy of the country. Industrial estates are specific areas zoned for industrial activity where infrastructure (such as roads, power and other utility services) is provided to facilitate the growth of industries and to minimize the impacts on the environment. Industrial estates may include effluent treatment; solid and toxic waste collection, treatment, and disposal; air pollution and effluent monitoring; technical services on pollution prevention; quality management (quality assurance and control); and laboratory services. In the context of economic strategy, State Economic Development Corporations (SEDCs) were established by the various Malaysian states to stimulate industrialization through the development of industrial estates in the respective states. The industrial estates to be established by these SEDCs are envisaged to be in the form of improved tracts of land, with access roads and utility services. Industrial land so developed are leased out (usually for 99 years) to interested entrepreneurs. The lower rates are for industrial land developed in the rural areas, while the higher rates are for such land developed in the urban areas. Currently, Malaysia has over 200 industrial estates or parks occupying a total of 16,000 hectares and 13 Free Industrial Zones (FIZs) developed by government agencies, namely, the State Economic Development Corporations (SEDCs), Regional Development Authorities (RDAs), port authorities and municipalities throughout the country. New sites, fully equipped with infrastructure facilities such as roads, electricity and water supplies, and telecommunications, are continuously being developed by state governments as well as private developers to meet demand. Specialised parks have been developed in Malaysia to cater to the needs of specific industries. Examples of these parks are the Technology Park Malaysia in Bukit Jalil, Kuala Lumpur and the Kulim Hi-Tech Park in the northern state of Kedah which cater to technology-intensive industries and RD activities. 3.3 Environmental Impacts from the Industrial Estates The effects on the environment connected with industrial activities are mainly related to the production of industrial wastes either from its emission or effluent discharges. Figure 5 illustrates on the possible environmental impacts of industrial estates. POSSIBLE ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT OF INDUSTRIAL ESTATES Spills Contaminated soil lost future land use Disposal of solid wastes Local nuisances such as noise, lighting transport Landscape disturbance Ozone depleting greenhouse gases Habitat degradation Air Pollution Freshwater Pollution Marine Pollution Risks from hazardous waste Exposure to toxic chemicals Figure 5: Possible environmental impacts of industrial estates Industrial development may always cause changes to the physical environment. Under natural condition, landuse changes can be absorbed by the physical environment through interactions of the various components to attain a dynamic equilibrium state. Rapid human disturbance will create imbalance to the environmental ecosystem as well as to human quality of life. There are a number of forms of industrial pollution. One of the most common is water pollution, caused by dumping of industrial waste into waterways, or improper containment of waste, which causes leakage into groundwater and waterways. Industries release pollutants which impact air quality that lead to photochemical smog, haze and acidification. Due to industrial discharges, and the indiscriminate disposal of raw materials, land pollution takes place. Both, air and water pollution will affected human beings, birds and aquatic life. Ozone depletion is another result of industrial pollution. Chemicals released by industries will affect the stratosphere, one of the atmospheric layers surrounding earth. The ozone layer in the stratosphere protects the earth from harmful ultraviolet radiation from the sun. The emission from industries will removes some of the ozone, causing holes; to open up in this layer and allowing the radiation to reach the earth. Ultraviolet radiation is known to cause skin cancer and has damaging effects on plants and wildlife. Activities in industrial estates also can cause noise pollution. Industrial noise refers to noise that is created in the factories which is jarring and unbearable. Sound becomes noise only it becomes unwanted and when it becomes more than that it is referred to as noise pollution. Heavy industries like shipbuilding and iron and steel have long been associated with Noise Induced Hearing Loss (NIHL). Continuous exposure to noise pollution leads to hearing impairment especially for people who are working in the industry and common people as well. It has been scientifically proved that noise more than 85 decibels can cause hearing impairment and does not meet the standards set for healthy working environment. 4.0 A RATIONALE FOR AN INDUSTRIAL GREENBELT 4.1 Current Status of Greenbelt Consideration in Industrial Estate As highlight in earlier chapter, current status of green efforts in Malaysia is focusing on commanding and controlling the wastes produce during the manufacturing stage of a product. Green efforts in Malaysia can be classified into four groups as follows: Broad Guiding Principles: Establishing common principles and statements of intent across subscribing organizations. Process Based Management Systems: ISO 14001 is a well known example of a process based environmental management system. Performance Based Systems: Public disclosure of industrial pollution programs is examples of voluntary programs with clear performance standards. Process-based Systems with Performance Elements: Establishing a hybrid system that combines a structured management system approach with specific performance requirements. Unfortunately, there is no specific guideline and regulation of creating and preserving greenbelt in developing industrial estates as many parties seen it as a secondly important factor. In Malaysia, Kulim Hi-Tech Park is the first in country that can be seen as well planned fully-integrated high technology park. Besides providing one of the best infrastructures, the Parks Masterplan also emphasizes on the quality of life within a self-contained township. Amenities incorporated in the plan include a shopping centre, a hospital, educational institutions and recreational facilities. But still, we are lacking in controlling the development over-exploitation the land resulting which can resulting environmental deterioration. 4.2 Pollution Status Caused by Industrial in Malaysia The two major environmental issues in Malaysia caused by industrial activities are atmospheric pollution and solid and hazardous wastes (Khidir and Suhaiza, 2009). 4.2.1 Atmospheric Pollution Atmospheric pollution has long been associated with the burning of fossil fuels, the resulting sulphur dioxide being a major atmospheric pollutant. Combustion of motor fuels causes an added influx of volatile organic compounds (VOC), coupled with carbon dioxide (CO2) and Nox, nitrous oxides. In Malaysia, local and transboundary emissions play very important roles in determining the status of the atmospheric environment (Hassan, Awang and Jaffar, 2006). The major pollutants observed are sulphur dioxide (SO2), nitrogen dioxide (NO2), carbon monoxide (CO), ozone (O3) and total suspended particulate matter, in particular PM10 (Hassan, Awang and Jaffar, 2006). Industries including power stations, motor vehicles and open burning activities remain the major sources of air pollution in the country. In 2008 a total of 22.971 industrial sources were identified to be subjected to Environmental Quality (Clean Air) Regulations, 1978. The breakdown of industrial sources by states is as shown in Figure 6. The highest number of stationary pollution sources was in Johor (8141:34%) followed by Selangor (4127:18%) and Perak (2956:12.9%). This is possibly due to the large industrial area in Johor and Selangor that contributed to the pollution. Besides that, both states have a rapid landuse development resulting to the environmental degradation. As to particulate matter, the highest contributor was industries (40%) followed by power stations (25%), motor vehicles (14%) and others (21%) (Figure 7). Source: *DOE, Environmental Quality Report 2008. Figure 6 : Industrial air pollution sources by state in Malaysia, 2008 Motor vehicles Power station Industrial Others 4,557 (14%) 7,784 (25%) 12,664 (40%) 6,667 (21%) Source: *DOE, Environmental Quality Report 2008. Figure 7: Particulate Matter (PM) emission load by sources (metric tonnes),2008 4.2.2 Solid and Hazardous Wastes Growing affluence and increasing concentration of population in urban areas have increased the generation and types of solid waste produced. Solid waste management is one of the most important issues of local authorities; where much money is spent in the collection and disposal of solid waste (Hassan et. al, 2000). Toxic and hazardous wastes are also one of the major issues in Malaysia. Currently, Malaysia produces about 10000 tonnes of waste every day, equal to 0.8 to 1.5 kg per capita (MGCC, 2006). According to Hassan, Awang and Jaffar, 2006, the amount of solid waste collected in Malaysia is 70 percent of waste generated The remaining 30 percent not collected ends up in illegal dumping sites, or is diverted at source or during collection for recycling purposes. The illegal dumping sites can cause leachate which possibly will contaminate the soil as well as the waterways. The recycling activities amount to only 5% of total waste generated. Manufacturing industry 6,830 (38.73%) Sewage treatment plants 9,524 (54.01%) Agro-based industry 491 (2.78%) Animal farm (Pig farm) 788 (4.48%)Solid, toxic and hazardous wastes become pollutants to the water. In 2008, 17,633 water pollution point sources were recorded. These comprise of sewage treatment plants (9,524:54.01%) inclusive 668 Network Pump Stations), manufacturing industries (6,830: 38.73%), animal farms (788:4.48%) and agro-based industries (491:2.78%) as shown in Figure 8 (Department of Environment). Source: DOE, Environmental Quality Report 2008. Figure 8 : Composition of water pollution sources by sector, 2008 Manufacturing industry was in the second place of water pollution sources. This is due to the expanding of industrial estates in the country. Compared to 2007, there are declining in water quality trend of river basins in 2008 (Figure 9). From 94 clean river basins were recorded, it reduce to 79 in 2008. Whereas, the number for both, slightly polluted and polluted river were increased. Figure 9 : Riber basins Water Quality Trend based on BOD subindex (1998-2008) Source of Pollution (Activity): Sewage, agrobased manufacturing industries. Pollution Indicator (Parameter): Biochemical Oxygen Demand (BOD) Clean Slightly polluted Polluted Source: *DOE, Environmental Quality Report 2008. From all those charts and statistics, there are evidences to shows that industrial estates have become one of the major contributors to environmental pollution in the country. Therefore, there is need for an alternative plan on how to overcome this problem eventhough special requirements and regulation has been put into efforts but still there is declining in environmental quality. 4.3 Greenbelt as Environmental Pollution Abatement In the context of environmental pollution abatement, a greenbelt has been defined as a strip of trees of such species, and such a geometry, that when planted around a source, would significantly attenuate the air pollution by intercepting and assimilating the pollutants in a sustainable manner (Ruth and William, 1994). The concept of greenbelt as a source of pollution abatement was recognized initially by three nations: The U.S.A., Britain and Kenya (Ruth and William, 1994; Gareth et al., 1992; Andy, 1991; Parsons, 1990). In reality greenbelts almost always include other vegetation, especially shrubs, which also play some role in capturing pollutants. But trees are the mainstays of greenbelts, and often greenbelt plantation is simply referred as trees eventhough other types of vegetation is also established and nurtured. 4.3.1 Air Pollutants Removal by Vegetation Plants remove pollutants from the air in three ways: (i) Absorption by the leaves, (ii) Deposition of particulate and aerosols on leaf surface, and (iii) Fallout of particulate on the leeward (downwind) side of the vegetation because of the slowing of the air movement (Tewari, 1994; Rawat and Banerjee, 1996). Vegetation acts as CO2 sink and some species have the capacity to utilise air pollutants effectively. Several plants have the capacity to collect the dust suspended in the atmosphere and dilute the concentration of toxic and harmful gases. Trees have been reported to remove air pollutants like hydrogen fluoride, SO2, and some compounds of photochemical reactions and collect heavy metals like mercury (Hg) and lead (Pb) from the air (Hill, 1971; Lin, 1976). After absorbing the air pollutants, trees change them to harmless metabolites through various physiological processes. Of course each and every plant cannot be an agent of air pollution control; only those which can tolerate pollutants can act as attenuators. All-in-all, increasing vegetation in the cities, towns, and industrial establishments holds great potential to combat air pollution. Substantial evidence is available to support the view that plants in general and trees in particular function as sinks for gaseous pollutants. 4.3.1 Soil and Water Pollutants Removal by Vegetation Surface water streams are also affected by industrial effluents and organics. Most of the treated industrial

Marshmallow Test

The Marshmallow Test is a study that was done by Walter Mischel in 1972 to test how children are able to delay gratification and how that might affect them later in life. The four year old children were told they could either eat the first marshmallow in 15 minutes or wait and receive a second marshmallow. They were visited again when they were 20 and the ones who were able to resist temptation had less behavioral problems and did better on their SATs. There are three types of research methods used in this study. One is experimentation. Experimentation is when researchers manipulate certain variables to see how they affect other variables. There are two types of variables, independent and dependent. The independent variable is the variable that might cause an effect. The dependent variable is the variable that shows the outcome of the experiment by showing the effects of the independent variable. In this study the independent variable is the marshmallow, or the ability to delay gratification. The dependent variable is being able to delay gratification as a child makes one less likely to have behavioral problems, and also do better in school. The second type of method used in this study is correlation. Correlation shows how two things relate to each other. In this study, they are the two variables, which are the ability to delay gratitication as a child and how well someone does as a young adult. These two variables correlate by showing that a child who is able to not eat the marshmallow in 15 minutes is more likely to not have behavioral problems later in life and to do better on their SATs. The third method used in this study is observation. Observation studies behaviors as they happen, without any intervention. This study shows that because the person who runs the study observes the children after telling them the rules and does not intervene with how they reacted to the marshmallow, whether that be eating it, playing with it, smelling it, etcetera. They did not interfere with the outcome of the study. In conclusion, this study shows that children who are able to delay gratification are more likely to be able to be more socially competent and get higher test scores.

Consensual Relationship Agreement Essay

Abstract As companies begin to acknowledge the existence of work place romances, the use of consensual relationship agreements (CRAs) has become an area of discussion. While many of today’s organizations prohibit the romantic involvement of its employees with one another, there are other companies that have adopted the use of consensual relationship agreements. Although employers find the CRAs an easy solution to this situation, the employees romantically involved, employees are against the agreement, arguing that the contract is intrusive in their personal lives. They go further on their arguments, stating that the agreement is an invasion of their privacy, and that the document goes against some ethical principles. From the Human Resources professionals perspective, they will try their best to make sure employees and employer agree with the contract and are happy with the situation, so a negative influence do not impact other coworkers, and their performances will not affect their jo bs. 1. Critics of CRAs assert that they are too intrusive, ineffective, and unnecessary and that they can cause as many problems as they solve. Identify the specific reasons and examples that might justify these criticisms. Critics are relying on the concern-for-others principles that focus on â€Å"the need to consider decisions and behaviors from the perspective of those affected†, which in this case, are the employees who sign the Consensual Relationship Agreements. Employees who are romantically involved at work and are asked to sign the agreement, may consider getting into their personal life too intrusive. Informing an employer of a relationship should be a decision made based by both parties involved, and not imposed. CRAs can be ineffective because even after signing the agreement, an employee may be discontent with the invasion of privacy, and according to the Human Resource Management, on their Workplace Romance Poll conducted in 2009, they found that: â€Å" Our experi ence was if a company tried to forbid it, more people started dating for the thrill of it† (Hellriegel & Slocum, 2011). With that in mind, when employees romantically involved disagree with the policies of the contract, they will tend to act against the agreement’s policies. In order to avoid a break of the agreement, the policy must clearly identify who is protected, and explain that the contract works in favor of all three parties involved. Some human resources managers also argue that even with the terms in the contract being clearly and rigorous, that will not make the couple act professionally while at work and many other effects of workplace romance, and therefore, they classify as ineffective. The contracts become unwanted for instance, when employees disagree with such policy. They do not want to be excessively monitored. If an employee feels that the CRAs are too restrictive and that he/she is being treated unfairly, problems in morale, motivation, and productivity are likely to occur. In order to keep productivity and avoid a hostile work environment, the use of the agreement is not essential, as long as the rules of conduct in the workplace are specified. 2. How would you assess the ethical intensity of CRAs from the perspective of the employer? From the perspective of the employees in a consensual relationship? From the prospective of the employer, the CRAs are very necessary. Because on the job relationships are very likely to happen, it is good to have a policy in place to address issues that may possibly arise from on the job relationships. The agreement also protects the company from being sued by employees because of sexual harassment or favoritism, and creates a clearly understanding of properly professional workplace behavior expected, in order to maintain a good working environment for all. According to an article written in the May 2010 issue of Ceridian Connection â€Å"Any work environment presents the opportunity for individuals with similar interest to develop a relationship that is more than friendly.† The article goes on to say that according to a 2009 survey conducted by CareerBuilder.com, 40 percent of respond ents indicated that they have dated coworkers; and 18 percent said they have been involved in two or more workplace romances. Because is inevitable the romance in the workplace, many HR professionals try to balance interests for both parties involved: â€Å"Most employers realize that it’s unwise to try and ban all office romances. However, they are very interested in preventing these relationships from having a negative impact on the workplace† (Jones, May 2011). From the prospective of the employee, signing an agreement based on their personal relationship with a co-worker may be intrusive and often times, they prefer to keep the relationship private. Sometimes when employees sign the CRA they have the impression of their superiors and co-workers keeping an extra eyes on them to insure that they are not breaking the policy. That in the end could distract the employee from performing the job to their best ability and reflect on his/her overall performance. 3. What specific ethical principles might be used to justify the use of CRAs? Explain. The principles used to justify the use of CRA would be Organization Interest Principle and the Professional Standards Principle. The Organization Interested Principle is based on â€Å"you act on basis of what is good for the organization† (Hellriegel & Slocum 2011). This principle is used on this situation where the employer foresee a possible issue and impose a policy (CRA) to prevent that issue from affecting the company. This can save time, money, and problems in the long run. The ethical dilemma for CRAs revolves around the ethical principle of Professional Standards Principle, where the employer is balancing the rights of the individual and the needs and rights of the other employees. Most employers want to ensure a reasonable degree of employee privacy; however, there is wide consensus that employers must protect against the actions of employees who send harassing e-mails, disclose personal information, or spend too much time surfing the Internet for personal use. Therefore, the CRA in this case, is used to discuss properly professional workplace behavior, to remind employees that they do not have a legal right of privacy according to the no-harassment policy, and also reduce the risk of harassment litigation. 4. What ethical principles might be used by employees in consensual relationships to oppose signing such an agreement? Explain. The â€Å"Hedonist Principle† and the â€Å"Golden Rule Principle† could be used as a counter argument by the employees that are against the CRAs, because it would foster feelings of injustice for the employees in consensual relationships. The Hedonist Principle is based on â€Å" You do whatever is in your own self-interest† (Hellriegel & Slocum 2011). The employees involved in this situation can complain that the employee is only implanting the agreement because of fear of being sued, and not taking in consideration their personal lives. Furthermore, they can argue using the principle that the employer is acting only for his benefit and that they feel the CRAs are excessive, intrusive and unfair. Using the same perspective, the Golden Rule Principle, which consists in â€Å" You act on the basis of placing yourself in the position of someone affected by the decision and try to determine how that person would feel† (Hellriegel & Slocum 2011), can justify that the employer is misjudging their ethical work based on the feel that dating has nothing to do with the quality of an employee’s work and that job security and advancement should be based on the work itself. According to Randy Sutton on his publication Regulating Workplace Romances, â€Å"Any â€Å"no dating† policy must also consider whether the policy will disadvantage certain employees†, so the employees involved have no negative impact on their career. 5. Do you personally favor or oppose the use CRAs in the workplace? Explain. In my opinion, the use of Consensual Relationship Agreements in the workplace is very necessary and effective. As stated in the case, office romance is bound to take place if you put individuals together in a 40 plus hours per week. Nearly half of some employees reported that they didn’t know if their company had a policy on office romances. I think every employee should act in a professional manner, but unfortunately, a company cannot rely on the hope that they will. A Consensual Relationship Agreement is an agreement between both the employee and management that provides that the employee will not allow the relationship to interfere with or impact the work environment. This agreement also confirms and documents that the relationship is consensual and voluntary. All employees need to have a clear understanding of harassment. If the CRA is done correctly, the document will protect all parties involved of future accusations of sexual harassment, favoritism or unfairness. Mark Gomsak in his publication suggests that the company take the following procedures: implement company-wide policies for romance in the workplace, Forbid Romance Between Boss and Subordinate, apply the so called love contracts, and avoid favoritism (January 2011). From the prospective of the employees romantically involved, they may find a little intrusive in their personal lives, but on the other hand, if the relationship comes to an end, the agreement will secure that they have acted according to the policy and not letting their personal lives interfere in the workplace. Therefore, if the employees act ethically, even when they have a romance in the workplace, then the agreement would not be a problem, it would only prove that the employee is capable of being honest and ethical despite their outside lives, and that work comes in first. The companies would be secure with the document, and the romance would not have any impact to any parties involved. References: Gomsak, Mark J. (2011, January 11). Office romances: How employers can avoid the sting of cupid’s arrow. The Metro Chamber of Commerce. Retrieved from http://www.greaterlouisville.com Hellriegel, D., & Slocum, J. W., Jr. (2011). Organizational behavior: 2011 custom edition (13th ed.). Mason, OH: South-Western Cengage Learning. Jones, L. (2011, May 23). The love contract debate – Employers may want to regulate your romance. Higher education and career blog. Retrieved from http://www.kelloggforum.org No longer a secret: Tools to cope with workplace romances. (2010, May).Ceridian Connection. Retrieved from HR Compliance database. Sutton, R. (2009). Regulating work place romances. Saalfeld Griggs Pc. Retrieved from http://www.sglaw.com